拘萨罗历代国王的前国师，出家后率众修习自然崇拜，后经大目犍连降伏其骄慢、佛陀亲自教化而皈依。

A former chaplain of the kings of Kosala who renounced the world to lead a large following in nature-worship, later converted along with his disciples after the Buddha and Mahā-Moggallāna subdued his pride.

波罗奈的一位婆罗门，即菩萨投生为苏摩达多时的父亲，曾向国王求赐一头牛却在言辞上闹出笑话。

A brahmin of Bārāṇasī and father of the Bodhisatta in his birth as Somadatta, whose petition to the king for an ox went comically awry.

差摩伐提的一位婆罗门，拘留孙佛之父。

A brahmin of Khemavatī and father of the Buddha Kakusandha.

指向“伽婆罗提利耶”条目的参见。

A cross-reference to the entry Gahvaratīriya.