(접두사) ~위에; ~로; ~가까이

(prefix) on; onto; towards; close by

조차; 도; 비록~일지라도; ~하더라도

even; also; although; even if

그러나; 그런데; 게다가; 더구나

but; however; yet; moreover; and

(의문) ~인가; ~했는가; (추측) 아마도; 혹시; 바라건대

(interrogative) is it?; did?; (optative) perhaps; maybe; I wish

실로; 확실히; 틀림없이; 그렇다

indeed; surely; certainly; yes