The first sutta of the Majjhimanikāya. It was taught in the Subhagavana in Ukkaṭṭhā, and is claimed as striking the keynote of the entire doctrine of the Buddha (sabbadhamma-mūlapariyāya). In the sutta the Buddha explains various contemporary systems of philosophy and points out the differences between these and his own system. It also deals with the theory of the soul and of nibbāna (M.i.1-6).

The Commentary ¹ states that the five hundred monks to whom the sutta was addressed found no pleasure in listening to it. The Buddha, realising this, taught them the Mūlapariyāya Jātaka ² (q.v.) Their pride was thereby vanquished, and they begged the Buddha for a subject of meditation. Later, when the Buddha was away journeying, staying at the Gotamaka cetiya in Vesāli, he taught them the Gotamaka Sutta and they became Arahants.