一部經，記述佛陀般涅槃後比丘 Udena 向婆羅門 Ghoṭamukha 描述四種苦行者——自苦、苦他、俱苦、俱不苦者——Ghoṭamukha 認可最後一種超越貪慾者方為真正的正行沙門。

A discourse recording a conversation after the Buddha’s death in which the monk Udena describes to the brahmin Ghoṭamukha four kinds of ascetics — those who torment themselves, others, both, or neither — with the last, who live beyond craving, recognized by Ghoṭamukha as the truly righteous recluses.