（心理与道德的）杂质；烦恼；缺陷；染污；使心晦暗或受阻之物（如十六种心秽、十种观染等）

mental and moral impurity; defilement; imperfection; corruption; anything that spoils or obstructs the mind

（物质的）杂质；瑕疵；污点；遮蔽物（如金银中的杂质，或遮蔽日月的云雾等）

physical impurity; stain; blemish; obstruction (e.g., impurities in gold, or clouds and eclipses obscuring the sun and moon)