（心理與道德的）雜質；煩惱；缺陷；染汙；使心晦暗或受阻之物（如十六種心穢、十種觀染等）

mental and moral impurity; defilement; imperfection; corruption; anything that spoils or obstructs the mind

（物質的）雜質；瑕疵；汙點；遮蔽物（如金銀中的雜質，或遮蔽日月的雲霧等）

physical impurity; stain; blemish; obstruction (e.g., impurities in gold, or clouds and eclipses obscuring the sun and moon)