The fifty-seventh discourse of the Majjhimanikāya. Taught at Haliddavasana to Puṇṇa, follower of the Bovine Vow (living like an ox), and to the naked ascetic Seniya, follower of the Canine Vow. In answer to their persistent questions, the Buddha says that the further state of both is either purgatory or rebirth as an animal (among cattle and dogs respectively). He then proceeds to describe the four kinds of actions:

Dark, with dark outcome;

Bright, with bright outcome;

Both dark and bright with similar outcome; and

Neither dark nor bright with corresponding outcome.

Both Puṇṇa and Seniya take refuge in the Buddha, Seniya later becoming an Arahant (M.i.387 ff).